(一)過流保護

　　在(zai)光(guang)伏(fu)逆變器中，要跟蹤太陽光(guang)伏(fu)陣列的(de)大功率點，而且(qie)還需要進行(xing)(xing)采樣(yang)，采樣(yang)的(de)對象包括三(san)個(ge)，分(fen)(fen)別(bie)是直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)以及交流(liu)(liu)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。對于(yu)是否對電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)進行(xing)(xing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護的(de)判斷，已經采用了這(zhe)個(ge)方(fang)法(fa)，而且(qie)由(you)于(yu)光(guang)伏(fu)逆變器存在(zai)分(fen)(fen)辨率高(gao)(gao)的(de)特性，所以在(zai)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)進行(xing)(xing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護時(shi)，靈敏度非常的(de)高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)進行(xing)(xing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護時(shi)，采用光(guang)伏(fu)逆變器的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，該(gai)保(bao)護方(fang)法(fa)由(you)三(san)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成：過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。

(二)過欠電壓保護

　　對小型的光伏發電站來(lai)說，當電(dian)網電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)出現異常時，過欠電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)將(jiang)會(hui)發揮作(zuo)用，根(gen)據不(bu)同的(de)情況以不(bu)同的(de)停止(zhi)發電(dian)時間。但是對于大型的(de)光伏發電(dian)站來(lai)說，要(yao)通過低(di)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穿越能力來(lai)提升抗電(dian)網擾動的(de)能力。

　　對(dui)雷擊過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)操作過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的防止，采用的方法(fa)就是光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護。過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)包括兩種類(lei)型：縱向和(he)橫向，因此(ci)在實行保護時，要堅持同時考慮兩種類(lei)型過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護原則。具體說來，光(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護措施(shi)有兩種：

　　1、單級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護，主要是(shi)對雷電(dian)等暫(zan)態(tai)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)一次保(bao)(bao)護，實現保(bao)(bao)護的(de)方法是(shi)應用(yong)壓(ya)敏電(dian)阻(zu)和氣體放(fang)電(dian)管;

　　2、多(duo)級保護(hu)(hu)，適用于單級保護(hu)(hu)不(bu)能起到良好的(de)保護(hu)(hu)作用，且逆變(bian)器耐壓水(shui)平較低。

(三)過欠頻率保護

　　在小型(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)，特定(ding)的頻率范圍為49.5Hz～50.2Hz，如(ru)果(guo)分布式光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)接入配(pei)電(dian)網的頻率超過了(le)這個范圍，那么就需要(yao)啟動過欠(qian)頻率保護。在大中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)，一定(ding)要(yao)具備的能(neng)力就是(shi)抵(di)抗系統頻率異常擾動。

(四)反孤島保護

　　當外部(bu)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)發生異常時(shi)，就會變成停電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，這(zhe)時(shi)，接入(ru)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的分(fen)布式光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)仍對一部(bu)分(fen)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)繼(ji)續供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)被稱之為孤(gu)島(dao)現(xian)象(xiang)，孤(gu)島(dao)現(xian)象(xiang)包括計(ji)劃性(xing)(xing)和非計(ji)劃性(xing)(xing)兩種。而反孤(gu)島(dao)保護(hu)就是當發生孤(gu)島(dao)現(xian)象(xiang)時(shi)，將光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站與孤(gu)島(dao)系(xi)統(tong)間的連(lian)接斷開(kai)，將孤(gu)島(dao)現(xian)象(xiang)運行的條件消滅掉，避免孤(gu)島(dao)現(xian)象(xiang)危害到(dao)用戶設(she)備(bei)及設(she)備(bei)檢修工作。